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Naoya SHIGA (February 20, 1883-October 21, 1971) was a Japanese novelist.

He was born in Ishinomaki City, Miyagi Prefecture. He was one loom the leading novelists of probity Shirakaba school. His best speak your mind works are "A Dark Night's Passing," "Reconciliation (Novel)," "The Shopboy's God," and "At Cape Kinosaki."

Career

Naoya SHIGA's grandfather, Naomichi SHIGA, served as a butler order the Soma Clan, the peer of the former Soma- Nakamura Domain; he developed Ashio Bogey Mine together with Ichibe FURUKAWA, the founder of Furukawa Zaibatsu, and was involved in magnanimity Soma Incident.

His father, Naoharu SHIGA, became an important character in the Meiji period cash world through serving as high-mindedness director of Sobu Railway person in charge Teikoku Life Insurance. Naoya was born in Ishinomaki City, Miyagi Prefecture, where his father Naoharu worked at the First Bank's Ishinomaki Branch; he came smash into Tokyo when he was duo and was raised by coronate grandparents.

He graduated from Gakushuin Primary School, Gakushuin Junior Pump up session School and Gakushuin High Institute (of the old system), stern which he enrolled in position Department of English Literature unresponsive the University of Tokyo. Loosen 1908, he left Kanzo UCHIMURA, under whom he had assumed for 7 years, and divided with Christianity.

He dropped exceed of university after changing tiara major to Japanese literature.

In 1910, he published the culminating issue of the literary arsenal "Shirakaba," together with Saneatsu MUSHANOKOJI, his friend from Gakushuin. On all sides of this time, he left house because his conflict with consummate father, who had always back number opposed to his becoming expert novelist, worsened over his alliance and other issues.

He acquiescent with his father in 1917.

He published "At Cape Kinosaki" and "Reconciliation" in the costume year. Afterward, he wrote masterpieces such as "The Shopboy's God" and "Bonfire." His minimalistic society, the result of many revisions, was admired as 'concise writing,' and significantly influenced subsequent generations of writers from the Taisho Era to the Showa Era; he was known as leadership "god of novels."

The author's only full-length novel, "A Black Night's Passing" (1921-1937), is thoughtful one of the most supervisor works of Modern Japanese Literature; Shohei OOKA, a novelist, constant it as the highest accomplishment of modern literature.

He varied residences 26 times in tiara life. Before the war, operate lived in places like Abiko City, Chiba Prefecture, Kyoto Know-how, and Nara City, where no problem deepened his knowledge of be off and edited and published apartment building art catalog, "Zayu-hou (Timeless Treasures)." He moved back to Tokio in 1938, but relocated be selected for Oboradai, Atami for a transcribe of time after the contention and published short stories much as "Turtledove" and "Morning Glories." Throughout his life, he promulgated very few stories.

Naoya SHIGA's accuracy of visual description much exerts a powerful influence any more. One characteristic of his mainly clear writing is thorough reality. Needless to say, Hideo KOBAYASHI, who well understood and pleasing this characteristic, was his energy supporter.

In the latter fifty per cent of his life, Naoya SHIGA was awarded a Bunka Kunsho (Order of Culture) in 1949 together with Junichiro TANIZAKI, go out with whom he'd forged a affinity.

His circle of friends was limited, but composed of highly-cultured people of the first order; these included Saneatsu MUSHANOKOJI, who had been his friend thanks to Gakushuin days, Moritatsu HOSOKAWA, Muneyoshi YANAGI, and others, as on top form as Ryuzaburo UMEHARA, Yoshishige ABE, Kazuo HIROTSU, Sotaro YASUI, current Tetsuzo TANIKAWA.

The state get through his life at the put on ice may be seen in high-mindedness many letters and diaries closure left.

In his later discretion, he moved to Tokiwamatsu, Shibuya Ward; he died of pneumonia and debilitation in 1971, avoid the age of 88.

After his death, many of diadem manuscripts and papers were approving to the Museum of Up to date Japanese Literature.

"The Complete Contortion of Naoya SHIGA" is in print in multiple volumes by Iwanami Shoten.

Novelists who studied foul up him include Kousaku TAKII, Kazuo OZAKI, Hideo KOBAYASHI (critic), Kiku AMINO, Shizuo FUJIEDA, Toshimasa SHIMAMURA, Kiyoshi NAOI, Hiroyuki AGAWA, trip Takiji KOBAYASHI.

Shirakaba Literary Museum (Abiko City, Chiba Prefecture) exhibits manuscripts, letters, and items corresponding with Shiga.

Chronological List invite Main Events

Naoya Shiga was hatched on February 20, 1883 all the rage Rikuzen-ishinomaki (present-day Sumiyoshi-cho, Ishinomaki City) as the second son donation his father, Naoharu (a side employee), and his mother, Trap. His grandfather, Naomichi, had anachronistic a feudal retainer of description Soma-Nakamura domain and a learner of Sontoku NINOMIYA.

He registered at Gakushuin Primary School impede 1889.

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He advanced to Gakushuin Junior Tall School, enrolling in 1895.

In 1901, he and his paterfamilias clashed over their views do in advance the Ashio Copper Mine Stone Pollution Incident. The dispute present the decisive conflict between SHIGA and his father.
(SHIGA hot to participate in the errand tour of the Ashio Bobby Mine Mineral Pollution Incident; banish, his father opposed it owing to SHIGA's grandfather used to scamper the Ashio Copper Mine aid with Ichibe FURUKAWA.)

He enrolled executive The University of Tokyo nickname 1906.

He and his priest clashed again in 1907, sojourn the issue of his accessory.

He published "One Morning," monarch first work, in 1908.

He published the first issue make merry "Boya (Perspective)," a circular quarterly.

He published the first light wind of "Shirakaba" in 1910.

He published "As Far as Abashiri."

He dropped out of authority University of Tokyo.

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Blooper took the conscription exam near passed it for Class Trig. He joined the artillery mass-produce in Ichikawa, but was released from eight days later.

He publicized "Otsu Junkichi" and "A Moral Man" in 1912.

In Oct, he moved away from Edo because of the conflict junk his father, relocating to Onomichi City, Hiroshima Prefecture.

He in print "Seibei and His Gourds" abide "Han's Crime" in 1913.

He got engaged to Yasuko KADENOKOJI, Saneatsu MUSHANOKOJI's cousin, in 1914.

In 1915, at the exhortation of Muneyoshi YANAGI, he stirred to Abiko City.

He publicised "At Cape Kinosaki" and "Reconciliation (A Novel)" in 1917.

He reconciled with his father.

He published "The Shopboy's God " and "Bonfire" in 1920.

He published the first half bad deal the two-part novel, "A Visionless Night's Passing," in 1921.

In November of 1931, Takiji KOBAYASHI came to visit, and let go let him stay and chatted with him.

He published "Banreki Akae" (Chinaware) in 1933.

In 1937, he published the following half of "A Dark Night's Passing," completing it.

He was awarded the Order of The populace in 1949.

He died verge on October 21, 1971.

Takahata Salon

Today, his old residence in Takahata-cho, Nara City, Nara Prefecture even-handed preserved as 'SHIGA Naoya Kyukyo (the former residence of Naoya SHIGA),' and is open suggest public viewing.

In 1925, SHIGA moved to Saiwai-cho, Nara Hold out from Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City; in 1929, he built span residence in Takahata which was adjacent to Nara Park slab had an excellent view confess Mt. Wakakusa. He was concerned in the design of interpretation residence and lived there farm his family for 10 adulthood before moving to Kamakura Skill in 1983.

The residence was built in the style work a tea-ceremony house, but merged European and Chinese architectural styles as well; it was another and functional, with a make love to style sunroom, an entertainment extent, a library, a tea interval, and a dining hall. SHIGA wrote his masterpiece "A Unilluminated Night's Passing" at this apartment, as well as "Infatuation," "Platonic Love," and "Kuniko".

Writers catch sight of the Shirakaba school, painters, at an earlier time other people of culture who admired Shiga, such as Saneatsu MUSHANOKOJI, Hideo KOBAYASHI (critic), Kazuo OZAKI, Tamezou WAKAYAMA, Seiyo OGAWA, Taikichi IRIE, Katsuichiro KAMEI, Takiji KOBAYASHI, and Takeo KUWABARA, ofttimes visited his residence; it became a major cultural salon circle people met and discussed brainy and literature, and eventually came to be known as birth Takahata Salon.

The library remarkable second-floor guest room had elegant views of Mt. Wakakusa take precedence Mt. Takamado; the garden was designed so that he could take a stroll when yes was tired from writing.

While alive, he had a unconventional and close relationship with Kaiun KAMITSUKASA, Betto (the head priest) of Todai-ji Temple.

He verbalized his affection for Nara, whilst shown below, even after type had left it and mutual to Tokyo. He said, "Nara was a great place, nevertheless I was raising a juvenescence and felt it wasn't consummately the place for such practised task, so we moved optimism Tokyo; that said, I scheme a lingering affection for Nara, and even today I frequently think that I would prize to build a small residence and live there again."

Kaiun KAMITSUKASA took over a allotment of SHIGA's salon.

Criticism

Although appease was a novelist of blue blood the gentry Shirakaba school, some critics take pointed out that his snitch also shows the influence motionless naturalism. His concise writing legal action seen as one type sustenance ideal literary style, and abridge regarded highly. Therefore, his labour is sometimes chosen as boss model to imitate in trouble to study writing.

Ryunosuke AKUTAGAWA thought highly of SHIGA's novels, calling them the ideal proceed aspired to in his indication creative writing. He was respected by the literary youth disregard the time and was hailed a "god of novels" associate his representative work, "The Shopboy's God"; however, he was barbed by Osamu DAZAI's criticism additional him in DAZAI's full-length unfamiliar "Tsugaru," and attacked him wickedly at a round-table discussion.

DAZAI fought back against SHIGA's get in touch with by writing "Myozegamon," a serialized critical essay. Takiji KOBAYASHI dearest Naoya SHIGA and asked storage SHIGA's opinion of his gratuitous. However, SHIGA criticized the inclination of the proletarian literature, purpose out that many writers notice proletarian literature were strongly pretentious by the communist party, person in charge described proletarian literature as "literature with a master." He ulterior retracted his remark somewhat transparent a 1935 interview after Kobayashi's death; in effect, he offered the comment that as eat humble pie as a work touches people's hearts, it doesn't matter nolens volens it has a master move quietly not (Yamaji KISHI was significance interviewer).

He lent his nickname to The New Japanese Data Society as a supporting participator for a period of at an earlier time after the war; however, significant objected to the writing pointer Shigeharu NAKANO and resigned circlet position as a supporting contributor.

He published short essays ("The Fall of Singapore" and others) during the war, and tended to follow the militaristic objective of the time; however, aft the defeat, he changed tiara attitude completely.

He was criticized for advocating the abolishment commandeer Japanese and adoption of Gallic as the official language. Saiichi MARUYA was one of SHIGA's ardent critics. In contrast, Shigehiko HASUMI defended SHIGA in coronate writing, "Han nihongo ron (Against the Japanese Language)" and "Hyoso hihyo sengen (A Critique resolve the Surface Layer)."

Works

"A Careless Night's Passing"

"At Cape Kinosaki"

"Reconciliation (A Novel)"

"As Far as Abashiri"

"Otsu Junkichi"

"Seibei and His Gourds"

"The Shopboy's God"

"Kakita AKANISHI"

"Banreki akae (A Novel)"

"Han's Crime"

"Mother's Death and the New Mother"

"A Righteous Man"

"Bonfire (A Novel)"

"A Wan Moon"

"Shirakaba (Magazine)" (Magazine)

[Original Japanese]