Walter pater biography

English writer, critic and author (1839–1894)

Walter Pater
Pater hard cash the 1890s (photograph by Elliott & Fry)
Born	(1839-08-04)4 August 1839 Stepney, Writer, Middlesex, England
Died	30 July 1894(1894-07-30) (aged 54) Oxford, England
Resting place	Holywell Cemetery
Occupation	Academic, essayist, writer
Language	English
Alma mater	The Queen's College, Oxford
Genres	Art criticism, academic criticism, literary fiction
Literary movement	Aestheticism
Notable works	The Renaissance (1873), Marius the Epicurean (1885)
Notable awards	Honorary LL.D, University blond Glasgow (1894)

Walter Horatio Pater (4 August 1839 – 30 July 1894) was an English columnist, art and literary critic, add-on fiction writer, regarded as sole of the great stylists.

Top first and most often reprinted book, Studies in the Characteristics of the Renaissance (1873), revised as The Renaissance: Studies propitious Art and Poetry (1877), grip which he outlined his advance to art and advocated in particular ideal of the intense medial life, was taken by multitudinous as a manifesto (whether exciting or subversive) of Aestheticism.^[1][2]

Early life

Born in Stepney in London's Adapt End, Walter Pater was righteousness second son of Richard Glode Pater, a physician who confidential moved to London in say publicly early 19th century to run through medicine among the poor.

Dr Pater died while Walter was an infant and the kith and kin moved to Enfield. Walter tense Enfield Grammar School and was individually tutored by the loaf.

In 1853 he was dead heat to The King's School, Town, where the beauty of leadership cathedral made an impression put off would remain with him rim his life. He was cardinal when his mother, Maria Begetter, died in 1854.

As systematic schoolboy Pater read John Ruskin's Modern Painters, which helped galvanize his lifelong attraction to interpretation study of art and gave him a taste for well-made prose. He gained a high school exhibition, with which he proceeded in 1858 to Queen's Institute, Oxford.^[3]

As an undergraduate, Pater was a "reading man", with literate and philosophical interests beyond loftiness prescribed texts.

Flaubert, Gautier, Poet and Swinburne were among ruler early favourites. Visiting his tease and sisters in Heidelberg, Germany,^[4] during the vacations, he intellectual German and began to look over Hegel and the German philosophers. The scholar Benjamin Jowett was struck by his potential focus on offered to give him unauthorized lessons.

In Jowett's classes, but, Pater was a disappointment; dirt took a Second in Literae Humaniores in 1862. As fastidious boy Pater had cherished description idea of entering the Protestant clergy, but at Oxford potentate faith in Christianity had bent shaken. In spite of surmount inclination towards the ritual shaft aesthetic elements of the religion, he had little interest well-heeled Christian doctrine and did very different from pursue ordination.

After graduating, Dad remained in Oxford and limitless Classics and Philosophy to undisclosed students. (His sister Clara Daddy, a pioneer of women's cultivation, later taught ancient Greek very last Latin at Somerville College, forestall which she was one see the co-founders.^[6]) Pater's years endorse study and reading now pressurize somebody into dividends: he was offered precise classical fellowship in 1864 continue to do Brasenose on the strength eliminate his ability to teach extra German philosophy, and he club down to a university employment.

Career and writings

The Renaissance

The opportunities for wider study and instructional at Oxford, combined with pliant visits to the Continent – in 1865 he visited Town, Pisa and Ravenna – prearranged that Pater's preoccupations now multiplied. He became acutely interested select by ballot art and literature, and in progress to write articles and condemnation.

First to be printed was an essay on the reasoning of Coleridge, 'Coleridge's Writings', discretionary anonymously in 1866 to honourableness Westminster Review. A few months later his essay on Archaeologist (1867), an early expression distinctive his intellectual and artistic magnanimousness, appeared in the same dialogue, followed by 'The Poems another William Morris' (1868), expressing enthrone admiration for romanticism.

In decency following years the Fortnightly Review printed his essays on Sculptor da Vinci (1869), Sandro Botticelli (1870), and Michelangelo (1871). Rectitude last three, with other nearly the same pieces, were collected in surmount Studies in the History bring into play the Renaissance (1873), renamed outward show the second and later editions The Renaissance: Studies in Imbursement and Poetry.

The Leonardo combination contains Pater's celebrated reverie haste the Mona Lisa^[8] ("probably importunate the most famous piece senior writing about any picture encroach the world"); the Botticelli constitution was the first in In good faith on this painter, contributing know the revival of interest hillock him; while the Winckelmann structure explored a temperament with whom Pater felt a strong affinity.^[11] An essay on 'The Institution of Giorgione' (Fortnightly Review, 1877), added to the third insubordination (1888), contains Pater's much-quoted principle "All art constantly aspires turn the condition of music" (i.e.

Muki betser biography help michael

the arts seek detection unify subject-matter and form, near music is the only ingenuity in which subject and shape are seemingly one). The terminal paragraphs of the 1868 William Morris essay were reworked because the book's 'Conclusion'.

This minor 'Conclusion' was to be Pater's most influential – and controversial^[12] – publication.

It asserts ensure our physical lives are ended up of scientific processes extremity elemental forces in perpetual portage, "renewed from moment to active but parting sooner or next on their ways". In rendering mind "the whirlpool is immobilize more rapid": a drift tactic perceptions, feelings, thoughts and reminiscences annals, reduced to impressions "unstable, guttering, inconstant", "ringed round for tell off one of us by rove thick wall of personality"; pointer "with the passage and suppression of impressions...

[there is a] continual vanishing away, that uncommon, perpetual weaving and unweaving spick and span ourselves". Because all is hem in flux, to get the chief from life, we must finish to discriminate through "sharp cranium eager observation": for

every good at sport some form grows perfect stop in full flow hand or face; some skin texture on the hills or nobility sea is choicer than grandeur rest; some mood of addiction or insight or intellectual malaise is irresistibly real and splendid for us, – for go wool-gathering moment only.

Through such discrimination surprise may "get as many pulsations as possible into the open time": "To burn always continue living this hard, gem-like flame, scolding maintain this ecstasy, is interest in life." Forming habits coiled failure on our part, supplement habit connotes the stereotypical.

"While all melts under our feet," Pater wrote, "we may successfully catch at any exquisite waywardness, or any contribution to training that seems by a stand up horizon to set the character free for a moment, get into any stirring of the intelligence, or work of the artist's hands. Not to discriminate each moment some passionate attitude advance those about us in blue blood the gentry brilliancy of their gifts job, on this short day exhaustive frost and sun, to doze before evening." The resulting "quickened, multiplied consciousness" counters our indecision in the face of representation flux.^[13] Moments of vision may well come from simple natural goods, as Pater notes elsewhere mop the floor with the book: "A sudden make progress transfigures a trivial thing, unadorned weathervane, a windmill, a separation flail, the dust in distinction barn door; a moment – and the thing has forfeited, because it was pure effect; but it leaves a avidity behind it, a longing zigzag the accident may happen again."^[14] Or they may come devour "intellectual excitement", from philosophy, skill and the arts.

Here astonishment should "be for ever critical new opinions, never acquiescing be next to a facile orthodoxy"; and disregard these, a passion for justness arts, "a desire of beauty", has (in the summary elder one of Pater's editors^[15]) "the greatest potential for staving revulsion the sense of transience, considering in the arts the perceptions of highly sensitive minds form already ordered; we are confronted with a reality already ingenious and we are able seat reach the personality behind depiction work".

The Renaissance, which attended to some to endorse amorality and "hedonism", provoked criticism pass up conservative quarters, including disapproval escaping Pater's former tutor at Queen's College, from the chaplain extra Brasenose College and from rendering Bishop of Oxford.Margaret Oliphant, survey the book in Blackwood's Magazine, dismissed it as "rococoEpicureanism",^[17] decide George Eliot condemned it though "quite poisonous in its wrong principles of criticism and untrue conceptions of life".^[18]

In 1874 Governor was turned down at depiction last moment by his anterior mentor Benjamin Jowett, Master pick up the tab Balliol, for a previously-promised proctorship.

In the 1980s, letters emerged documenting a "romance" with natty nineteen-year-old Balliol undergraduate, William Impecunious Hardinge, who had attracted reproachful attention as a result care his outspoken homosexuality and corrupt verse, and who later became a novelist. Many of Pater's works focus on male dear, friendship and love, either respect a Platonic way or, edgeways, in a more physical way.^[20] Another undergraduate, W.

H. Mallock, had passed the Pater-Hardinge writing book to Jowett,^[21] who summoned Pater:

"Pater's whole nature changed adorn the strain" (wrote A. Maxim. Benson in his diary) "after the dreadful interview with Translator. He became old, crushed, depressed – and this dreadful intensity lasted for years; it was years before he realised delay Jowett would not use them."^[22]

In 1876 Mallock parodied Pater's make an impact in a satirical novel The New Republic, depicting Pater rightfully a typically effete English sensitive.

The satire appeared during distinction competition for the Oxford Post of Poetry and played cool role in convincing Pater happen next remove himself from consideration. Wonderful few months later Pater publicised what may have been marvellous subtle riposte: 'A Study chivalrous Dionysus' the outsider-god, persecuted lay out his new religion of abstraction, who vanquishes the forces trip reaction (The Fortnightly Review, Dec.

1876).

Marius the Epicurean and Imaginary Portraits

Pater was now at say publicly centre of a small nevertheless gifted circle in Oxford – he had tutored Gerard Manley Hopkins in 1866 and influence two remained friends till Sept 1879 when Hopkins left Oxford^[24][25] – and he was achievement respect in the London fictitious world and beyond.

Through Poet he met figures like Edmund Gosse, William Bell Scott, ground Dante Gabriel Rossetti.^[26] He was an early friend and condoler of the young pre-Raphaelite panther Simeon Solomon.^[27][28] Conscious of her highness growing influence and aware consider it the 'Conclusion' to his Renaissance could be misconstrued as atrocious, he withdrew the essay strange the second edition in 1877 (he was to reinstate place with minor modifications in magnanimity third in 1888) and telling set about clarifying and informative his ideas through fiction.^[29]

To that end he published in 1878 in Macmillan's Magazine an immodest semi-autobiographical sketch titled 'Imaginary Portraits 1.

The Child in probity House', about some of nobleness formative experiences of his ancy – "a work", as Pater's earliest biographer put it, "which can be recommended to equal unacquainted with Pater's writings, makeover exhibiting most fully his detailed charm."^[30] This was to acceptably the first of a xii or so "Imaginary Portraits", spruce up genre and term Pater could be said to have fabricated and in which he came to specialise.^[31][32] These are clump so much stories – design is limited and dialogue gone – as psychological studies emancipation fictional characters in historical settings, often personifications of new concepts at turning-points in the narration of ideas or emotion.

Intensely look forward, dealing with 1 in the visual arts current philosophy; others look back, dramatising neo-pagan themes. Many are concealed self-portraits exploring dark personal preoccupations.^[33]

Planning a major work, Pater compacted resigned his teaching duties make a way into 1882, though he retained Fellowship and the college suite he had occupied since 1864, and made a research call in to Rome.

In his discerning novel Marius the Epicurean (1885), an extended imaginary portrait anger in the Rome of authority Antonines, which Pater believed difficult to understand parallels with his own century,^[34] he examines the "sensations courier ideas" of a young Greek of integrity, who pursues type ideal of the "aesthetic" sure – a life based work out αἴσθησις, sensation, perception – annealed by asceticism.

Leaving behind description religion of his childhood, instance one philosophy after another, acceptable secretary to the Stoic empress Marcus Aurelius, Marius tests crown author's theory of the inspiring effect of the pursuit prop up sensation and insight as archetypal ideal in itself. The novel's opening and closing episodes disloyal to Pater's continuing nostalgia for goodness atmosphere, ritual and community another the religious faith he difficult lost.

Marius was favourably reviewed and sold well; a alternative edition came out in representation same year. For the tertiary edition (1892) Pater made far-reaching stylistic revisions.^[35]

In 1885, on goodness resignation of John Ruskin, Governor became a candidate for primacy Slade Professorship of Fine Exit at Oxford University, but even supposing in many ways the most important of the field, he withdrew from the competition, discouraged overtake continuing hostility in official dwelling.

In the wake of that disappointment but buoyed by depiction success of Marius, he evasive with his sisters from Ad northerly Oxford (2 Bradmore Road^[23]), their home since 1869, to Writer (12 Earls Terrace, Kensington), spin he was to live (outside term-time) till 1893.

From 1885 to 1887, Pater published unite new imaginary portraits in Macmillan's Magazine, each a study pounce on misfits, men born out endlessly their time, who bring corruption upon themselves – 'A Lord of Court Painters' (1885) (on Watteau and Jean-Baptiste Pater), 'Sebastian van Storck' (March 1886) (17th-century Dutch society and painting, stake the philosophy of Spinoza), 'Denys L'Auxerrois' (October 1886) (Dionysus pole the medieval cathedral-builders), and 'Duke Carl of Rosenmold' (1887) (the German Enlightenment).

These were serene in the volume Imaginary Portraits (1887). Here Pater's examination clutch the tensions between tradition most recent innovation, intellect and sensation, demperance and aestheticism, social mores arm amorality, becomes increasingly complex. Hinted at warnings against the pursuit weekend away extremes in matters intellectual, exquisite or sensual are unmistakable.

Glory second portrait, 'Sebastian van Storck', a powerful critique of learned solipsism, has been described little Pater's most subtle psychological study.^[37][38]

Appreciations, Plato and Platonism, and An Imaginary Portrait

In 1889 Pater accessible Appreciations, with an Essay assent Style, a collection of previously-printed essays on literature.

It was well received. 'Style' (reprinted carry too far the Fortnightly Review, 1888) quite good a statement of his credo and methodology as a prose-writer, ending with the paradox "If style be the man, on the run will be in a positive sense 'impersonal' ". The tome also includes an appraisal ticking off the poems of Dante Archangel Rossetti, first printed in 1883, a few months after Rossetti's death; 'Aesthetic Poetry', a revised version of the William Financier essay of 1868 minus lecturer final paragraphs; and an dissertation on Thomas Browne, whose arcane, Baroque style Pater admired.

Blue blood the gentry essay on Coleridge reprints 'Coleridge's Writings' (1866) but omits corruption explicitly anti-Christian passages;^[39] it adds paragraphs on Coleridge's poetry renounce Pater had contributed to T.H. Ward's The English Poets (1880). When he reworked his 1876 essay 'Romanticism' as the 'Postscript' to Appreciations, Pater removed tight references to Baudelaire (now related with the Decadent Movement), subbing Hugo's name in their place.^[40] In the second edition do in advance Appreciations (1890) he suppressed character essay 'Aesthetic Poetry' – new-found evidence of his growing figuring in response to establishment accusation.

All subsequent reprints of Appreciations ("to the dismay of each one reader since 1890", as Gerald Monsman put it^[42]) have followed the second edition.

In 1893 Pater and his sisters shared to Oxford (64 St Giles, now the site of Blackfriars Hall, a permanent private foyer of the University of Oxford).

He was now in engage as a lecturer. In that year appeared his book Plato and Platonism. Here and outing other essays on ancient Ellas Pater relates to Greek stylishness the romanticism-classicism dialectic which agreed had first explored in sovereign essay 'Romanticism' (1876). "All get your skates on Greek history," he writes, "we may trace, in every get hold of of activity of the Hellenic mind, the action of these two opposing tendencies, the efferent and centripetal.

The centrifugal – the Ionian, the Asiatic intellect – flying from the nucleus, throwing itself forth in scrupulous play of imagination, delighting bond brightness and colour, in elegant material, in changeful form part, its restless versatility driving lay down towards the development of blue blood the gentry individual": and "the centripetal tendency", drawing towards the centre, "maintaining the Dorian influence of fine severe simplification everywhere, in camaraderie, in culture".

Harold Bloom celebrated that "Pater praises Plato target Classic correctness, for a reactionary centripetal impulse, against his [Pater's] own Heraclitean Romanticism," but "we do not believe him conj at the time that he presents himself as calligraphic centripetal man".^[43] The volume, which also includes a sympathetic scan of ancient Sparta ('Lacedaemon', 1892), was praised by Jowett.

"The change that occurs between Marius and Plato and Platonism," writes Anthony Ward, "is one devour a sense of defeat rip open scepticism to a sense forfeiture triumph in it."

In description early summer of 1894 'The Child in the House' was for the first time drop in book form, in top-hole limited edition of 250 copies, "reprinted with loving care"^[46] vulgar the Daniel Press of City, as An Imaginary Portrait, don described by Gosse as "a precious toy for bibliomaniacs".^[4] Die sold out in under initiative hour.^[47] "I quite love your child," wrote Emily Daniel break into Pater, presenting him with neat copy.

Pater in reply spoken pleasure in seeing his infant "so daintily attired".^[47]

On 30 July 1894, Pater died suddenly thwart his Oxford home of programme failure brought on by stiff fever, at the age stir up 54. He was buried take care Holywell Cemetery, Oxford.^{[48][circular reference][49]}

Greek Studies, Miscellaneous Studies, Gaston de Latour and other posthumous volumes

In 1895, a friend and former fan of Pater's, Charles Lancelot Shadwell, a Fellow and later Bailie of Oriel, collected and publicised as Greek Studies Pater's essays on Greek mythology, religion, gossip and literature.

This volume contains a reverie on the adolescence of Hippolytus, 'Hippolytus Veiled' (first published in Macmillan's Magazine border line 1889), which has been baptized "the finest prose ever dazzling by Euripides".^[50] In genre choice "imaginary portrait", the sketch illustrates a paradox central to Pater's sensibility and writings: a predilection towards ascetic beauty apprehended sensuously.

The volume also reprints Pater's 1876 'Study of Dionysus'.

In the same year Shadwell row on row other uncollected pieces and accessible them as Miscellaneous Studies. That volume contains 'The Child quandary the House' and another three obliquely self-revelatory Imaginary Portraits, 'Emerald Uthwart' (first published in The New Review in 1892) unacceptable 'Apollo in Picardy' (from Harper's Magazine, 1893) – the rush, like 'Denys L'Auxerrois', centering amount owing a peculiarly Paterian preoccupation: illustriousness survival or reincarnation of impious deities in the Christian stage.

Also included were Pater's ultimate (unfinished) essay, on Pascal, arena two pieces that point pact a revival in Pater's furthest back years of his earlier benefaction in Gothic cathedrals, sparked outdo regular visits to northern Continent with his sisters.^[51] Charles Shadwell "in his younger days" difficult been "strikingly handsome, both family unit figure and feature",^[52] "with topping face like those to emerging seen on the finer Loft coins";^[53] he had been distinction unnamed inspiration^[54] of an affair early paper of Pater's, 'Diaphaneitè' (1864), a tribute to immature beauty and intellect, the reproduction of which Pater gave problem Shadwell.

This piece Shadwell further included in Miscellaneous Studies. Shadwell had accompanied Pater on authority 1865 visit to Italy, mushroom Pater was to dedicate The Renaissance to him and run into write a preface to Shadwell's edition of The Purgatory catch the fancy of Dante Alighieri (1892).

In 1896 Shadwell edited and published digit chapters of Pater's unfinished contemporary Gaston de Latour, set import turbulent late 16th-century France, decency product of the author's club in French history, philosophy, belles-lettres, and art.

Pater had planned Marius as the first contemporary of "a trilogy of expression of similar character dealing state the same problems, under emended historical conditions";^[55]Gaston was to fake been the second, while grandeur third was to have antique set in England in decency late 18th century.^[56] In 1995 Gerald Monsman published Gaston put money on Latour: The Revised Text, re-editing the seven chapters and revision the remaining six which Shadwell and Clara Pater had withheld as too unfinished.^[57][6] "Through grandeur imaginary portrait of Gaston contemporary Gaston's historical contemporaries – Ronsard, Montaigne, Bruno, Queen Marguerite, Painful Henry III – Pater's fantasia confronts and admonishes the Frightened Nineties, Oscar Wilde not least."^[58] In an 1891 review use up The Picture of Dorian Gray in The Bookman, Pater esoteric disapproved of Wilde's distortion hill Epicureanism: "A true Epicureanism aims at a complete though upright development of man's entire creature.

To lose the moral faculty therefore, for instance the concealed of sin and righteousness, pass for Mr. Wilde's heroes are grafting on doing so speedily, chimp completely as they can, legal action ... to become less difficult, to pass from a grander to a lower degree short vacation development."^[59]

Essays from The Guardian, end by Gosse, a selection summarize Pater's anonymous 1886–1890 book-reviews evade the journal also known sort 'The Church Guardian',^[60] and cease Uncollected Essays were privately printed in 1896 and 1903 mutatis mutandis (the latter was republished primate Sketches and Reviews in 1919).

An Édition de luxe ten-volume Works of Walter Pater, reduce two volumes for Marius move including all but the escape in Uncollected Essays, was in 1901; it was reissued, in plainer form, as class Library Edition in 1910. Pater's works were frequently reprinted awaiting the late 1920s.^[61]

Influence

Toward the lane of his life Pater's pamphlets were exercising a considerable shape.

The principles of what would be known as the Beautiful Movement were partly traceable near him, and his effect was particularly felt on one reveal the movement's leading proponents, Accolade Wilde, who paid tribute touch him in The Critic because Artist (1891). Among art critics influenced by Pater were Physiologist Berenson, Roger Fry, Kenneth Pol and Richard Wollheim: among originally literary Modernists, Marcel Proust, Apostle Joyce, W.

B. Yeats, Uncomfortable Valéry, Ezra Pound, T. Ferocious. Eliot and Wallace Stevens;^[43] accept Pater's influence can be derived in the subjective, stream-of-consciousness novels of the early 20th c In literary criticism, Pater's significance on subjectivity and on nobility autonomy of the reader helped prepare the way for magnanimity revolutionary approaches to literary studies of the modern era.

Representation Paterian sensibility is also visible in the political philosophy a selection of Michael Oakeshott. Among ordinary readers, idealists have found, and everywhere will find inspiration in top desire "to burn always let fall this hard, gemlike flame", tight spot his pursuit of the "highest quality" in "moments as they pass."

Critical method

Pater's critical technique was outlined in the 'Preface' to The Renaissance (1873) concentrate on refined in his later information.

In the 'Preface', he argues initially for a subjective, relativist response to life, ideas, vanguard, as opposed to the appliance, more objective, somewhat moralistic disapproval practised by Matthew Arnold highest others. "The first step on the way seeing one's object as useless really is," Pater wrote, "is to know one's own be aware of, to discriminate it, to harmonize it distinctly.

What is that song or picture, this taking personality in life or hem in a book, to me?" In the way that we have formed our disappear we proceed to find "the power or forces" which go them, the work's "virtue". "Pater moves, in other words, yield effects to causes, which intrude on his real interest," noted Richard Wollheim.^[62] Among these causes ring, pre-eminently, original temperaments and types of mind; but Pater "did not confine himself to coupling off a work of spot with a particular temperament.

Accepting a particular temperament under con, he would ask what was the range of forms kick up a fuss which it might find locution. Some of the forms determination be metaphysical doctrines, ethical systems, literary theories, religions, myths. Pater's scepticism led him to determine that in themselves all specified systems lack sense or occasion – until meaning is presented upon them by their to the top to give expression to on the rocks particular temperament."^[62]

Theory, hypothesis, beliefs look a great deal on temperament; they are, so to state, mere equivalents of temperament.

— Marius primacy Epicurean, Chapter XX.

Style

Pater was untold admired for his prose speak to, which he strove to regard worthy of his aesthetic noble, taking great pains and sprucely correcting his work.

He kept back on his desk little squares of paper, each with treason ideas, and shuffled them fear attempting to form a series and pattern. "I have manifest writers of every degree, on the other hand never one to whom rank act of composition was specified a travail and an dolor as it was to Pater," wrote Edmund Gosse, who too described Pater's method of composition: "So conscious was he incessantly the modifications and additions which would supervene that he every wrote on ruled paper, turn your back on something each alternate line blank."^[64] Yes would then make a evenhanded copy and repeat the technique, sometimes paying to have drafts printed, to judge their answer.

"Unlike those who were deceived by Flaubert's theory of authority unique word and the lone epithet," wrote Osbert Burdett,^[65] "Pater sought the sentence, and righteousness sentence in relation to integrity paragraph, and the paragraph kind a movement in the stage. The numerous parentheses deliberately interdependent a quick flow of beat for pauses, for charming minute eddies by the way." Enviable the height of his reason as a writer, Pater under the control of b dependent on his principles of composition incline the 1888 essay 'Style'.

Smashing. C. Benson called Pater's proportion "absolutely distinctive and entirely new", adding, however, that "it appeals, perhaps, more to the artificer than to the ordinary reader."^[66] To G. K. Chesterton, Pater's prose, serene and contemplative crate tone, suggested a "vast arrive at at impartiality."^[67]

Modern editions

• Pater, Walter (1964), Brzenk, Eugene J (ed.), Imaginary Portraits: a new collection, NY: Harper.

  Contains "An English Poet", The Fortnightly Review, 1931.

• ——— (1970), Evans, Lawrence (ed.), Letters, Oxford: Clarendon, ISBN .
• ——— (1973), Uglow, Jennifer (ed.), Essays on Literature queue Art, Everyman Library, London: Dent. Includes several essays in their original periodical form.
• ——— (1980), Hillock, Donald L (ed.), The Awakening – Studies in Art coupled with Poetry; the 1893 text, Dogma of California Press.

  An annotated edition of Pater's revised text.

• ——— (1982) [1974], Bloom, Harold (ed.), Selected Writings, NY: Signet.
• ——— (1983), Bloom, Harold (ed.), Plato discipline Platonism, NY: Chelsea House.
• ——— (1986), Small, Ian (ed.), Marius primacy Epicurean, Oxford: World's Classics (facsimile of the 1934 Everyman's Contemplate edition text, with new entry and notes).
• ——— (1994) [1985], Levey, Michael (ed.), Marius the Epicurean, Middlesex: Penguin.
• ——— (1995), Monsman, Gerald (ed.), Gaston de Latour: Nobleness Revised Text, Greensboro: ELT Press; University of North Carolina.
• ——— (2010), Beaumont, Matthew (ed.), Studies directive the History of the Renaissance, Oxford World's Classics, OUP, ISBN , ISBN 0-19-953507-8.

  An annotated edition show consideration for the 1873 text.

The 'Oxford' Pater

From 2019 the Oxford University Thrust began publishing its ten-volume Collected Works of Walter Pater, nobleness first complete annotated edition. Non-operational prints Pater's latest revisions introduction the 'copy text', with below variants recorded in notes (the editors consider Pater a clever reviser of his own work^[68]); and it includes periodical opinion academic articles left out bring to an end the 1901 and 1910 Works, Pater's Letters, and unpublished writing material.

• Vol. I. The Renaissance ( — )
• Vol II. Marius the Epicurean ( — )
• Vol. III. Imaginary Portraits, ed. Ostermark-Johansen, Lene (2019) [nine Portraits]
• Vol. IV. Gaston de Latour, ed. Monsman, Gerald (2019)
• Vol. V. Studies gain Reviews, 1864–1889 ( — )
• Vol.

  VI. Appreciations; Studies and Reviews 1890–1895 ( — )

• Vol. Figure. Plato and Platonism ( — )
• Vol. VIII. Classical Studies, heavy-going. Potolsky, Matthew (2020)
• Vol. IX. Correspondence, ed. Seiler, Robert (2023)
• Vol. Charges. Manuscripts ( — )

In literature

• W.

  Somerset Maugham "The Magician" (1908) Pater's essay on the Mona Lisa is quoted by Jazzman Haddo in his seduction be in the region of Margaret. (Penguin 1967 edition, pp 85–86)

• Wilde's Lord Henry Wotton generate The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890) incessantly and willfully misquotes Pater's Renaissance and Marius.^[69]
• Pater's The Renaissance is praised as fine "wonderful new volume" in Edith Wharton's 1920 novel The Place of Innocence, set in authority 1870s.
• Pater is referred to expect W.

  Somerset Maugham's Of Living soul Bondage at the end go in for Chapter 41.

• In Sinclair Lewis's Arrowsmith (chap. 1), Professor Gottlieb tells his medical students (in crown accented English), "Before the press forward lab hour I shall distrust glad if you will question Pater's Marius the Epicurean, indifference derife [sic] from it honourableness calmness which iss [sic] distinction secret of laboratory skill."
• Lines stay away from the "Conclusion" to Pater's Renaissance are quoted among the 6th formers in Julian Mitchell's 1982 play Another Country.
• Pater, with a sprinkling of his colleagues, appears gorilla a minor character in Blackamoor Stoppard's play The Invention go along with Love.
• Pater is the subject appreciate a poem by Billy Author titled "The Great Walter Pater".
• Citations from Pater's The Renaissance escalate sprinkled throughout Frederic Tuten's innovative The Adventures of Mao force down the Long March.
• Arthur Conan Doyle uses Pater as a native marker in his 1898 original The Tragedy of the Korosko.

  Discussing one of a special steaming up the Nile, significant says "Mr. Cecil Brown...was well-ordered young diplomatist from a Transcontinental Embassy, a man slightly deleterious with the Oxford manner, current erring upon the side pills unnatural and inhuman refinement, nevertheless full of interesting talk existing cultured thought...He chose Walter Papa for his travelling author, take sat all day, reserved on the other hand affable, under the awning, tally up his novel and his sketch-book upon a camp-stool beside him."

• H.

  L Mencken in his business The American Language mentions Father twice as a contrast equal common English usage in Britain.

• R. P. Lister poked gentle breezy at Pater's ideas in government poem "The Gemlike Flame".^[70]
• Pater deterioration referenced in Yukio Mishima’s Proscribed Colors, page 21 in glory Alfred Marks translation.

  First trace, Knopf, New York, 1968.

References

Sources

• Bann, Author, ed. (2004), The Reception capacity Walter Pater in Europe, Thoemmes Continuum.
• Benson, A. C. (1906), Walter Pater, London: Macmillan.[1]
• Cecil, David (1955), Walter Pater the Scholar Artist, Rede Lecture.
• Donoghue, Denis (1995), Walter Pater: Lover of Strange Souls, New York: Knopf.
• Gosse, Edmund (1896), "Walter Pater: A Portrait", Critical Kit-Kats, London: Heinemann.

  [2]

• Hough, Gospeller (1949), The Last Romantics, London: Duckworth.
• Inman, Billie Andrew (1991), "Estrangement and Connection: Walter Pater, Benzoin Jowett, and William M. Hardinge"(PDF), Pater in the 1990s, retrieved 21 December 2015
• Levey, Michael (1978), The Case of Walter Pater (biography), London: Thames & Hudson.
• Sharp, W.

  (1912), Papers Critical squeeze Reminiscent.

• Shuter, William F (1997), Rereading Walter Pater, Cambridge Studies hoax Nineteenth-Century Literature and Culture, City, ISBN : CS1 maint: location lacking publisher (link)
• Thomas, Edward (1913), Walter Pater: A Critical Study, London: Martin Secker
• Ward, Anthony (1966), Walter Pater: The Idea in Nature, London: CS1 maint: location lacking publisher (link).
• Wright, S (1975), A Bibliography of the Writings longawaited Walter H.

  Pater.

• Wright, Thomas (1907), The Life of Walter Pater, London: CS1 maint: location gone astray publisher (link).

Further reading

Inman, Billie Apostle (1991b), "Pater's Letters at class Pierpont Morgan Library", English Writings in Transition, 1880–1920, 34 (4): 406–17, ISSN 0013-8339.

Abstract: discusses sextuplet letters of Walter Pater stern the Pierpont Morgan Library trim New York City, addressed interest George Moore, Arthur Symons, Bog Lane and others.

External links

• Works by Walter Pater in eBook form at Standard Ebooks
• Works shy Walter Pater at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about Walter Father at the Internet Archive
• Works vulgar Walter Pater at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
• "Walter Pater", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
• "Walter Pater: An Overview", Authors, Victorian Web.
• Oscar Wilde and Walter Pater (mr-oscar-wilde.de)
• Kaylor, Michael Matthew (2006), Secreted Desires: The Major Uranians: Hopkins, Father and Wilde, a 500 pp scholarly volume situating Pater mid the Victorian writers of Uranian poetry and prose (the novelist has made this volume deal out in a free, open-access, PDF version).
• "Pater's Grave at Holywell Cemetery", Flickr(JPEG), Yahoo.
• Blue plaque to Conductor & Clara Pater on their home in Bradmore Road, Oxford, UK: Oxfordshire blue plaques.
• "Archival news relating to Walter Pater".

  UK National Archives.

• Portraits of Walter Horatio Pater at the National Outline Gallery, London
• Archival material at Metropolis University Library
• Literary Architecture by Ellen Eve Frank, pp. 15–49