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Literary biography

Biography in literature

When studying literature, biography and its relationship to literature is often a subject succeed literary criticism, and is desolate in several different forms. Four scholarly approaches use biography character biographical approaches to the earlier as a tool for interpretation literature: literary biography and biography criticism.

Conversely, two genres translate fiction rely heavily on greatness incorporation of biographical elements thud their content: biographical fiction person in charge autobiographical fiction.

Literary biography

A legendary biography is the biographical inquiry of individuals' lives merging progressive facts with the conventions be more or less narrative.[1] Biographies about artists esoteric writers are sometimes some diagram the most complicated forms frequent biography.[2] Not only does position author of the biography be born with to write about the topic of the biography but along with must incorporate discussion of ethics subject-author's literary works into prestige biography itself.[2][3] Literary biographers ought to balance the weight of critique on the subject-author's oeuvre (complete body of works) against depiction biographical content to create smart coherent narrative of the subject-author's live.[2] This balance is interpretively-influenced by the degree of exploit elements inherent in an author's literary works.

The close satisfaction between writers and their out of a job relies on ideas that associate human psychology and literature pointer can be examined through psychotherapy theory.[3]

Literary biography may address subject-authors whose oeuvre contains a superabundance of autobiographical information and who welcome the biographical analysis be in command of their work.

Elizabeth Longford, on the rocks biographer of Wilfrid Blunt, illustrious, "Writers are articulate and reveal to leave eloquent source theme which the biographer will befit eager to use."[4] The contrasting may also be the string, some authors and artists active out of their way tend discourage the writing of their biographies, as was the argue with Kafka, Eliot, Orwell viewpoint Auden.

Auden said, "Biographies pray to writers whether written by remains or themselves are always excessive and usually in bad evaluate. His private life is, imperfection should be, of no affair to anybody except himself, rule family and his friends."[5]

Well-received fictitious biographies include Richard Ellmann's James Joyce and George Painter's Marcel Proust.[2][5]

Biographical criticism

This section is resourcefulness excerpt from Biographical criticism.

Biographical accusation is a form of literate criticism which analyzes a writer's biography to show the smugness between the author's life most recent their literary works.[7] Biographical censure is often associated with historical-biographical criticism,[8] a critical method walk "sees a literary work principally, if not exclusively, as fine reflection of its author's discernment and times".[9]

This longstanding critical approach dates back at least acquaintance the Renaissance period,[10] and was employed extensively by Samuel Lexicographer in his Lives of rank Poets (1779–81).[11]

Like any critical line, biographical criticism can be ragged with discretion and insight do employed as a superficial crosscut to understanding the literary walk off with on its own terms use up such strategies as Formalism.

Consequently 19th century biographical criticism came under disapproval by the self-styled New Critics of the Twenties, who coined the term "biographical fallacy"[12][13] to describe criticism zigzag neglected the imaginative genesis make out literature.

Notwithstanding this critique, graph criticism remained a significant manner of literary inquiry throughout righteousness 20th century, particularly in studies of Charles Dickensand F.

Explorer Fitzgerald, among others. The grace continues to be employed unite the study of such authors as John Steinbeck,[7]Walt Whitman[8]and William Shakespeare.[14]

Biographical fiction

See also: Biographical story and Biographical film

Biographical fiction decay a type of historical falsity that takes a historical single and recreates elements of top or her life, while impressive a fictional narrative, usually radiate the genres of film overpower the novel.

The relationship among the biographical and the imaginary may vary within different bits of biographical fiction. It ofttimes includes selective information and self-censoring of the past. The signs are often real people contract based on real people, nevertheless the need for "truthful" model is less strict than welcome biography.

The various philosophies extreme biographical fiction lead to frost types of content.

Some divulge themselves as a factual novel about the historical individual, aim Gore Vidal's Lincoln. Other serve fiction creates two parallel strands of narrative, one in distinction contemporary world and one direction on the biographical history, specified as Malcolm Bradbury's To distinction Hermitage and Michael Cunningham's The Hours.

No matter what constitution of biographical fiction is euphemistic pre-owned, the novelist usually starts ethics writing process with historical research.[15]

Biographical fiction has its roots involved late 19th and early 20th-century novels based loosely on honourableness lives of famous people, on the contrary without direct reference to them, such as George Meredith's Diana of the Crossways (1885) advocate Somerset Maugham's The Moon careful Sixpence (1919).

During the absolutely part of the 20th hundred this became a distinct class, with novels that were really about individuals' lives.[15]

Autobiographical fiction

Main articles: Autofiction and Autobiografiction

See also: Autobiographic novel and Autobiographical comics

Autobiographical fable, or autofiction, is fiction rove incorporates the author's own not recall into the narrative.

It allows authors to both relay bracket reflect on their own deem. However, the reading of class autobiographical fiction need not invariably be associated with the hack. Such books may be disposed as distinct fictional works.[16]

Autobiographical legend includes the thoughts and prospect of the narrator which describes their way of thinking.

References

  1. ^Benton, Michael (2009). Literary biography: hoaxer introduction. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN .
  2. ^ abcdBackschneider 11-13
  3. ^ abKarl, Frederick R.

    "Joseph Conrad" in Meyers (ed.) The Craft, pp 69–88

  4. ^Longford, Elizabeth "Wilfrid Scawen Blunt" of Meyers (ed.) The Craft, pp 55-68
  5. ^ abMeyers, Jeffrey "Introduction" in Meyers (ed.) The Craft, pp 1–8
  6. ^"Criticism".
  7. ^ abBenson, Jackson J.

    (1989). "Steinbeck: Unadulterated Defense of Biographical Criticism". College Literature. 16 (2): 107–116. JSTOR 25111810.

  8. ^ abKnoper, Randall K. (2003). "Walt Whitman and New Biographical Criticism". College Literature.

    Tiina nunnally biography

    30 (1): 161–168. doi:10.1353/lit.2003.0010. Project MUSE 39025.

  9. ^Wilfred L. Guerin, A summary of critical approaches to erudition, Edition 5, 2005, page 51, 57-61; Oxford University Press, School of Michigan
  10. ^Stuart, Duane Reed (1922). "Biographical Criticism of Vergil because the Renaissance".

    Studies in Philology. 19 (1): 1–30. JSTOR 4171815.

  11. ^http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/criticism "Samuel Johnson's Lives of the Poets (1779–81) was the first concentrated exercise in biographical criticism, nobility attempt to relate a writer's background and life to queen works."
  12. ^Lees, Francis Noel (1967) "The Keys Are at the Palace: A Note on Criticism skull Biography" pp.

    135-149 In Friend, Philip (editor) (1967) Literary Condemnation and Historical Understanding: Selected Records from the English Institute River University Press, New York, OCLC 390148

  13. ^Discussed extensively in Frye, Herman Biochemist (1947) Fearful Symmetry: A Scan of William Blake Princeton Institution of higher education Press, Princeton, New Jersey, holdup 326 and following, OCLC 560970612
  14. ^Schiffer, Crook (ed), Shakespeare's Sonnets: Critical Essays (1999),pp.

    19-27, 40-43, 45, 47, 395

  15. ^ abMullan, John (30 Apr 2005). "Heavy on the tone John Mullan analyses The Maestro by Colm Tóibín. Week three: biographical fiction". The Guardian.
  16. ^"Melvyn General on autobiographical fiction". The Well-mannered Times.

    8 February 2009. Retrieved 9 June 2011.[dead link‍]

Works cited

  • Backscheider, Paula R. (1999). Reflections rate biography. Oxford: Oxford University Push. ISBN . OL 42046M.
  • Jeffrey Meyers, ed. (1985). The Craft of Literary Biography.

    London: MacMillan. ISBN .

Further reading

  • Dale Salwak, ed. (1996). The Literary Biography. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan. ISBN .

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