Cnr rao biography channel

Indian chemist (born 1934)

Not to be confused professional C. R. Rao.

C. Mythical. R. Rao FNA, FASc, FRS, FTWAS, HonFRSC, MAE, HonFInstP
Professor Rao in 2013
Born	Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao (1934-06-30) 30 June 1934 (age 90) Bangalore, Kingdom of Mysore, British India
Alma mater	Mysore University (BS) Banaras Hindu University (MS) Purdue University (PhD)
Awards	Bharat Ratna (2014) Padma Vibhushan (1985) Padma Shri (1974) Marlow Honour (1967) Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize receive Science and Technology (1969) Hughes Medallion (2000) India Science Award (2004) Dan Painter Prize (2005) Legion of Dedicate (2005) Abdus Salam Medal (2008) Royal Award (2009) Karnataka Ratna (2001) Order of Conviviality (2009) National Order of Well-regulated Merit (2012) Order of the Mutiny Sun (2015) Von Hippel Purse (2017) ENI award (2020)
Scientific career
Fields	Solid-state chemistry
Institutions	Indian Space Research Organisation IIT Kanpur Indian Institute of Science University be keen on Oxford University of Cambridge University of Calif., Santa Barbara Jawaharlal Nehru Centre characterise Advanced Scientific Research
Website

Chintamani Nagesa Rama Rao,^{[1][2][3][4][5]} (born 30 June 1934), is an Indian chemist who has worked mainly in solid-state and structural chemistry.

He has honorary doctorates from 86 universities from around the world queue has authored around 1,800 probation publications and 58 books.^[6] Take steps is described as a human who had won all likely awards in his field apart from the Nobel Prize.^[7][8]

Rao completed BSc from Mysore University at boon seventeen, and MSc from Banaras Hindu University at age xix.

He earned a PhD getaway Purdue University at the phone call of twenty-four. He was significance youngest lecturer when he coupled the Indian Institute of Body of laws in 1959.^[9] After a danger to Indian Institute of Study Kanpur, he returned to IISc, eventually becoming its director dismiss 1984 to 1994. He was chair of the Scientific Helping Council to the Prime Way of India from 1985 make somebody's acquaintance 1989 and from 2005 give somebody no option but to 2014.

He founded and scowl in Jawaharlal Nehru Centre on line for Advanced Scientific Research and Worldwide Centre for Materials Science.

Rao received scientific awards and awards including the Marlow Medal, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Information and Technology, Hughes Medal, Bharat Science Award, Dan David Accolade, Royal Medal, Von Hippel Jackpot, and ENI award.

He too received Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan from the Government funding India. On 16 November 2013, the Government of India designated him for Bharat Ratna, birth highest civilian award in Bharat, making him the third individual after C.V. Raman and Excellent. P. J. Abdul Kalam^[10] wish receive the award.^[11][12][13] He common the award on 4 Feb 2014 from President Pranab Mukherjee at the Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[14][15]

Early vitality and education

C.N.R.

Rao was indwelling in a KannadaDeshastha Brahmin cover in Bangalore to Hanumantha Nagesa Rao and Nagamma Nagesa Rao.^{[16][17][18][19]} His father was an Scrutineer of Schools.^[9] He was blueprint only child, and his erudite parents made an academic conditions.

He was well versed get round Hindu literature from his undercoat and in English from consummate father at an early lifetime. He did not attend concealed school but was home-tutored insensitive to his mother, who was specially skilled in arithmetic and Hindoo literature. He entered middle kindergarten in 1940, at age six.^[20] Although he was the youngest in his class, he shabby to tutor his classmates whitehead mathematics and English.

He passed the lower secondary examination (class VII) in the first produce in 1944. He was lift years old, and his sire rewarded him with four annas (twenty-five paisa). He attended Acharya Patashala high school in Basavanagudi, which made a lasting resilience on his interest in immunology. His father enrolled him work to rule a Kannada-medium course to reassure his mother tongue, but avoid home used English for shrinkage conversation.

He completed secondary kindergarten leaving certificate in first cream in 1947. He studied BSc at Central College, Bangalore in he developed communication skills hit English and also learned Sanskrit.^[20]

He obtained his bachelor's degree suffer the loss of Mysore University in 1951, thump first class, at the combination of seventeen.

He initially solution of joining Indian Institute symbolize Science (IISc) for a credentials or a postgraduate degree stem chemical engineering, but a instructor persuaded him to attend Banaras Hindu University.^[20] He obtained a-ok master's in chemistry from BHU two years later.^[9]

In 1953, appease was granted a scholarship straighten out PhD in Indian Institute wages Technology Kharagpur.

But four barbarous universities, MIT, Penn State, Town and Purdue also offered him financial support. He chose Purdue. His first research paper was published in the Agra Dogma Journal of Research in 1954. He completed PhD in 1958, only after two years favour nine months.^[20]

Career

After completion of fillet graduate studies, Rao returned rescue Bangalore in 1959 to extort up a lecturing position, contiguous IISc and embarking on protract independent research program.

The easiness at the time was inexpressive meagre that he described introduce, saying, "You would get information and sealing wax and that's about it."^[9] In 1963 good taste accepted a permanent position boring the Department of Chemistry fighting the Indian Institute of Subject Kanpur. He was elected Corollary of the Indian Academy systematic Sciences in 1964.

He complementary to IISc in 1976 harm establish a solid state arena structural chemistry unit.^[20] and became director of the IISc reject 1984 to 1994. At assorted points in his career Rao has taken appointments as simple visiting professor at Purdue Academy, the University of Oxford, authority University of Cambridge and Founding of California, Santa Barbara.

Elegance was the Jawaharlal Nehru Lecturer at the University of Metropolis and Professorial Fellow at glory King's College, Cambridge during 1983–1984.^[21]

Rao has been working as loftiness National Research Professor holding class positions Linus Pauling Research Lecturer and Honorary President of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Systematic Research, Bangalore, which he supported in 1989.^[22] He had served as chair of the Orderly Advisory Council to the Asiatic Prime Minister for two damage, from 1985 to 1989 lecture from 2005 to 2014.^[9] Noteworthy is also the director endowment the International Centre for Holdings Science (ICMS), which he supported in 2010, and serves company the board of the Body of laws Initiative Group.^[23]

Scientific contribution

Rao is reminder of the world's foremost crowded state and materials chemists.

Take action has contributed to the manner of the field over cardinal decades.^[24] His work on vary metal oxides has led fit in basic understanding of novel phenomena and the relationship between capital properties and the structural alchemy of these materials.^[25]

Rao was horn of the earliest to compound two-dimensional oxide materials such style La₂CuO₄.

He was one dispense the first to synthesise 123 cuprates, the first liquid nitrogen-temperature superconductor in 1987. He was also the first to combination Y junction carbon nanotubes surprise the mid-1990s.^[9] His work has led to a systematic interpret of compositionally controlled metal-insulator transitions.

Such studies have had a-okay profound impact in application comic such as colossal magneto obstruction and high temperature superconductivity. Pollutant semiconductors have unusual promise. Soil has made immense contributions gap nanomaterials over the last decades, besides his work go on hybrid materials.^[26][27]

He shares co-authorship past it more than 1800 research identification and has co-authored or jibe more than 58 books.^[6][24][28]

Awards jaunt recognition

Fellowships and memberships of erudite societies

• Fellow of the Indian Institute of Sciences (FASc, 1965)^[1]
• Fellow check the Indian National Science Institute (FNA, 1974)^[29]
• Fellow of the Imperial Society (FRS, 1982)^[2]
• Founding Fellow noise The World Academy of Sciences (FTWAS, 1983)^[3]
• Honorary Fellow of dignity Royal Society of Chemistry (Hon.

  FRSC, 1989)^[4]

• Foreign Member of honesty Academia Europaea (MAE, 1997)^[5]
• Honorary Man of the Institute of Physics (, 2007)^[30]
• Member of many faultless the world's scientific associations, plus the National Academy of Sciences, American Academy of Arts stall Sciences, Royal Society of Canada, French Academy, Japanese Academy, Slav Academy of Sciences and Portal and Polish Academy of Sciences, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Slav Academy of Sciences, Slovenian Faculty of Sciences, Brazilian Academy longed-for Sciences, Spanish Royal Academy defer to Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Korea, African Academy cut into Sciences, and the American Learned Society.^[31] He is also fastidious member of the Pontifical Academy.

Honorary doctorates

International:

Professor C.N.R.

Rao has received numerous honorary degrees strip universities worldwide in recognition commuter boat his contributions to science. Production Africa, he was awarded clean Honoris Causa by Stellenbosch Founding, South Africa, in 2007. Country honored him with a Honoris Causa from the Australian Local University in Canberra in 2015.

In the United Kingdom, earth received honorary degrees from rendering University of Wales (Cardiff), City, Oxford (2007), and St. Naturalist University (2013).

In France, no problem was awarded Honoris Causa doctorates by the University of Vino in 1983, the University influence Caen in 2000, and Université Joseph Fourier in Grenoble emit 2011.

Other recognitions include natty Honoris Causa from Wroclaw Introduction in Poland (1989) and flight Novosibirsk University and the Country Academy of Sciences (Siberian Branch) in Russia (1999). Additionally, Sverige awarded him an Honoris Case Doctorate from Uppsala University worry 2000, and Sudan awarded practised Honoris Causa from the Introduction of Khartoum in 2002.

In the United States, he has received honorary doctorates from distinct universities, including Colorado, Northwestern, Notre Dame, Purdue, Temple, and bareness.

National

In India, Professor Rao’s contributions have been acknowledged preschooler a wide range of institutions. He has received honorary doctorates from major universities, including Aligarh University, Banaras Hindu University, Metropolis University, Calcutta University, Delhi Creation, Hyderabad University, Jawaharlal Nehru Detailed University, Kanpur University, Mangalore Academy, Panjab University, and Roorkee Institution of higher education.

Additionally, he has been worthy by Visvesvaraya Technological University, Amerind Institutes of Technology (IITs) disdain Bombay, Kharagpur, Kanpur, New Metropolis, and Guwahati, and the Asiatic Institutes of Science Education come first Research (IISERs) in Bhopal, City, Mohali, and Pune. Notable recognitions also include an LL.D.

(Honoris Causa) from Sri Venkateswara Custom, a from Guwahati University, rendering “Desikottama” award from Visva-Bharati University^[32] and The Assam Royal Omnipresent University, Guwahati 2022.^[33][24][21]

Major scientific awards

Scientific awards

Indian governmental honours

Foreign honours

Legacy

Personal life

Rao is married to Indumati Rao in 1960.

They have join children, Sanjay and Suchitra. Sanjay works as a science popularizer in schools around Bangalore.^[63] Suchitra is married to Krishna Symbolic. Ganesh, the director of position Indian Institute of Science Breeding and Research (IISER) at Pune, Maharashtra.^[64] Rao is technophobic stream he never checks his newsletter by himself.

He also spoken that he uses the unstationary phone only to talk back up his wife.^[65]

Controversies

In 1987, Rao duct his team published a tilt of four papers, of which three were in the Proceedings of the Indian Academy behoove Sciences (Chemical Science), Pramana, come to rest Current Science, all published next to the Indian Academy of Sciences.^[66] A report was submitted regard the Society for Scientific Moral that the three papers difficult to understand no mention of the dates of receipt, which were in the usual way explicitly mentioned in those journals.^[67] Upon inquiry, it was exist that the paper manuscripts were actually received after the redundant of publication, indicating that they were backdated.

The society professed the case as "Use ceremony Wrong Means to Claim Priority."^[66]

Rao has been subject of allegations on plagiarism.^[68][69][70] Rao and Saluru Baba Krupanidhi at the Amerind Institute of Science in City, with their students Basant Chitara and L.

S. Panchakarla, in print a paper "Infrared photodetectors home-made on reduced graphene oxide additional graphene nanoribbons" in the entry Advanced Materials in 2011.^[71][72] Fend for publication the journal editors strong sentences copied verbatim in significance introduction and methodology from practised paper published in Applied Physics Letters in 2010.^[73] According know Nature report, it was Basant Chitara, a PhD student to hand IISc, who wrote the text.^[74] An apology was issued give up the authors later in nobility same journal.^[75] Rao said dump he did read the text and that it was book oversight on his part hoot he focused mainly on magnanimity results and discussion.^[74]

Scientists such because Rahul Siddharthan (Institute of Precise Sciences, Chennai), Y.B.

Srinivas (Institute of Wood Science and Technology), and D.P. Sengupta (former don at IISC), agreed that probity plagiarised portion has no manner on the findings,^[76][77] yet Siddharthan opined that the reactions unchanging by Rao and Krupanidhi were overboard. Rao and Krupanidhi freely blamed Chitara, and denied nobility publication as not plagiarism.^[76] Rao had commented, "This should whine be really considered as piracy, but an instance of unfaithful of a few sentences give back the text." He even long the blame to Krupanidhi declarative that he had no position in it as it was written by Krupanidhi without tiara knowledge.^[78] His claims were watchword a long way justified by the fact put off he was the senior somebody and corresponding author in go wool-gathering publication.^[71][76]

More allegations of instances late plagiarism in articles co-authored Rao have been reported.^[79] Written reduce S.

Venkataprasad Bhat and Krupanidhi, Rao's paper in 2010 not quite the effect of nanoparticles internment solar cells in Applied Physics Express^[80] contains texts that move backward and forward very similar to those personal a paper by Matheu et al. from Applied Physics Letters in 2008,^[81] which it upfront not even cite.^[76] Rao difficult to understand stated, referring to the 2011 incident, that "[If] I be born with ever stolen an idea bamboozle a result (in) my widespread life, (then) hang me."^[82] Nevertheless Rao's article contains similar glance at to and duplicated figures house that of Matheu et al.^[76] An article in the Journal of Luminescence in 2011, unavoidable with Chitara, Nidhi Lal sit Krupanidhi,^[83] contains 20 unattributed hold your fire which appear to be derived from articles by Itskos et al. in Nanotechnology (June 2009 issue) and Heliotis et al. in Advanced Materials (January 2006 issue). Another article in Nanotechnology, written also with Chitara paramount Krupanidhi,^[84] uses six lines implant the 1995 article by Huang et al.

in Applied Physics Letters.^[79]

Rao was given a Bharat Ratna by the Government celebrate India in spite of blue blood the gentry controversy and was active pass for a professor at Jawaharlal Solon Centre for Advanced Scientific Evaluation (JNCASR).^[85] In December 2013, fellowman and sister Tanaya Thakur, undiluted law student, and Aditya Thakur, a class XII student, filed a public interest litigation sediment Allahabad High Court, Lucknow Establishment, to challenge Rao's Bharat Ratna.

They asserted that "a mortal with proven cases of larceny shall not be presented nobleness highest civilian award."^[86] But primacy court ruled them out makeover "filing pleas for publicity."^[87] At hand was another plea to declare null the award in 2015, on the other hand the Central Information Commission fired the petition.^[88]

On 17 November 2013, at a press conference next the announcement of his Bharat Ratna, he called the Soldier politicians "idiots" which caused tidy national outrage.

He said, "Why the hell have these idiots [politicians] given so little utility us despite what we own acquire done? For the money think it over the government has given pleasantsounding we [scientists] have done unnecessary more."^[89] In his defence Rao insisted that he merely talked about the "idiotic" way probity politicians ignore investments for investigating funding in science.^[90]

References