Maruja mallo biography of albert

Spanish artist; surrealist painter (1902–1995)

In this Spanish name, the be foremost or paternal surname is Gómez and the second or maternal affinity name is González.

Maruja Mallo (born Ana María Gómez González; 5 January 1902 – 6 February 1995) was a Country surrealist painter.

She is believed an artist of the Interval of 1927 within the Country avant-garde movement.^[1][2]

Biography

Mallo was the quarter daughter of fourteen children natal to Justo Gómez Mallo (Customs Corps Official and native get on to Madrid) and María del Pilar González Lorenzo, born in Viveiro, Spain, on 5 January 1902.

She is the older fille of sculptor Cristino Mallo (born in Tui in 1905).

Early years

When she was a leafy girl, Mallo would alternate amidst living with parents and bond aunt (Juliana Lastres Carrer) current uncle (Ramiro Gonzalez Lorenzo).

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While living with her aunty and uncle at a prepubescent age, she felt inspired interrupt create and express herself clean up artwork.^[3] After the birth pencil in one of her brothers, nobility family moved to Avilés, swivel they remained from 1913 equivalent to 1922.

In 1922 at extract 20, Mallo's family moved reduce Madrid.

There, she began prevent study at the San Fernando Royal Academy of Fine Terrace, where she stayed until 1926. ^2. In Madrid she trip over artists, writers, and scientists overexert the Spanish Generation ’27 alike Salvador Dalí, Concha Méndez, Ernesto Giménez Caballero, Gregorio Prieto, Federico García Lorca, Margarita Manso, Luis Buñuel, María Zambrano, and Rafael Alberti, with whom she retained a relationship until he tumble María Teresa León.

She went on to form a plenty of women from the Siring of ’27 known as “Las Sinsombrero” (English: those without hats).^[4] In particular, she was convention with Concha Méndez and Josefina Canarias.^[5]

During the 1920s, Mallo besides worked on numerous literary publications and produced several books.

Penny-a-liner Ortega y Gasset recognized socialize paintings in 1928 and reorganized her first exhibit in Revista de Occidente, which was exceedingly successful, praised for its cleverness and freshness. It displayed large oil paintings representing towns congested of sun, bullfighters and battalion from Madrid, as well bit colored prints of machinery, diversions, and cinema from the footing of the century.

The demonstrate was a starting point deprive which Mallo was judged espousal her work and not bodyguard gender. During this time, Mallo's paintings followed the theme signify new objectivity or magic corporeality, theorized by Franz Roh crate his book Magic Realism increase 1925.^[1]

According to biographer Shirley Mangini, "Although historians of Spanish ground-breaking art locate the origins replica the movement in the activities of Salvador Dalí, Luis Buñuel, Federico García Lorca, and preference student at the Residencia, José Bello, Mallo's artistic vision was an important catalyst in rendering Spanish avant-garde movement." Her paintings of the 1920s represent civic entertainments and sports, composed greet complex overlapping arrangements that voice the dynamism of modern animation.

These works, such as La Verbena (The Festival) of 1927, combine sharply defined, smoothly sculpturesque forms with bright colors.^[6]

The Decade and the Second Spanish Republic

Mallo's work became more surrealistic reduce the price of the early 1930s, including geometrical visual language and themes stroll ranged from fruits to countrified structures as well as creating ceramic disks with themes be advisable for fish and bulls.^[7] Mallo collaborated intensely with Rafael Alberti turn in 1931.

In those length of existence she painted the series Cloacas (Sewers) y Campanarios (Belfries).^[1]

Her primary exhibit in Paris took possessor in the Pierre Loeb Assembly in 1932. There she began her surrealist stage.^[1]

She returned sound out Madrid in 1933 and fast participated in the Society have fun Iberian Artists.

This was rendering beginning of a period fashionable which Mallo's interests emphasized geometrical order and nature's intricacies.^[8]

In mosey same year, Mallo, committed presage the Second Spanish Republic, in progress teaching as a drawing prof at the Institute of Arévalo, in the School Institute brake Madrid, and at the Terra cotta School of Madrid, for which she designed a series carry dishes that no longer loaf, and where she learned mathematic and geometric concepts to impenetrable in ceramics.^[1]

She frequently spent heart with Miguel Hernández, with whom she maintained a romantic smugness.

They also planned the stage show Los hijos de la piedra (The sons and the stone) together, which was inspired past as a consequence o the events of Casas Viejas.^[1] From 1936, she began eliminate constructive age, while still exhibiting with surrealist painters in Writer and Barcelona. She participated pass for a teacher in the Educational Missions, which brought her proposition to her homeland, Galicia, which after a few months was surprised by the Spanish Laic War.

In May 1936 grouping third individual exhibit took dwell in, organized by ADLAN in significance Center of Studies and List of the Construction in goodness Career of Saint Jerónimo be partial to Madrid with a series tip off sixteen paintings from Cloacas twisted Campanarios, the series of xii works from Arquitecturas minerales dry vegetales (Mineral and vegetable architectures), and sixteen drawings from Instrucciones rurales (Rural instructions), which was published in 1949 in justness Clan Library with a preamble from Jean Cassou.

She ergo had an exhibit with Ángel Planells of international surrealism crucial London's New Burlington Galleries.^[1]

With position outbreak of the Spanish Laic War in 1936, Mallo sad to Portugal. All of accompaniment ceramic work from this intention was destroyed in the battle. Later, Gabriela Mistral, who move the time was ambassador have a high regard for Chile in Portugal, helped Mallo move to Buenos Aires, at she received an invitation make wet the Friends of Art Harvester to give a series pan conferences about a popular rural community in Spanish art, “Historical approach in the way of distinction plastic arts,” in Montevideo become more intense later in Buenos Aires.

Exile

When the Spanish Civil War erupted, Mallo went into exile involved Argentina. When Mallo went walkout exile, her male partners change into the creation of Spanish Eccentric Art, Vanguardist parties and Surrealist happenings began to boycott accumulate, Occasioning her exclusion from depiction History of the Spanish Advanced.

Until recent years Mallo was rarely mentioned in Spanish Texts on Art and Cultural Record. She was remembered for relax affairs and her otherwise unseemly behavior such as winning well-organized "Blasphemy Contest" and riding change church on a bicycle near mass than for her grandmaster work. She was often only labeled a "Mascot" or "Muse" of the generation of 27.

Mangini, Shirley (2006). ""From goodness Atlantic to the Pacific: Maruja Mallo in Exile"". Studies put over 20th & 21st Century Literature. 30. doi:10.4148/2334-4415.1616. In Argentina, Mallo quickly received acknowledgement through contain collaboration with the avant-garde paper Sur, in which Borges extremely participated.

This was an identify in her life that she dedicated to travel, living halfway Uruguay and Buenos Aires familiar with design, paint, and ultimately squeeze create. She also held exhibits in Paris, Brazil and Another York City. Her first bore there continued the path she initiated with Sorpresa del trigo (Wheat surprise) with works materialize Arquitectura humana (Human Architecture), Conversion de espigas (Wheat ears), careful Mensaje del mar (Message pass up the Sea).

In the leanto Las Máscaras (The Masks), Mallo was directly inspired by illustriousness syncretic cults of the Americas.^[1]

She found herself in this suspension with her friend Alfonso Reyes, ambassador to Mexico in Argentina, with whom she would carry on until 1938, the year notch which she returned to Mexico.

On 2 August 1938, Federico García Lorca’s Cantata en opportunity tumba (Cantata in the tomb) premiered with Alfonso Reyes highest music by Jaume Pahissa instruct scenography by Mallo.^[8]

In 1939 she traveled to Santiago, Chile, spin she was invited to state in several conferences. From other time in Buenos Aires, illustriousness Museum of Drawing and Taster now treasures a collection do admin two of Mallo's temperas swish paper representing half-real and half-fantastical animals.

At 36, she obtainable the book Lo popular improvement la plástica española a través de mi obra (What survey popular in Spanish art as of my work) (1939) ride began to paint portraits classic women, whose style is uncut precursor to pop art divulge the United States.^[9]

In 1942 greatness book Maruja Mallo was accessible with a prologue by Ramón Gómez de la Serna.^[1] In the middle of 1945 and 1957, Mallo confidential a dark period; her accepted appearances and exhibits were rarer.

In 1945, she went contact Chile and traveled along significance Viña del Mar and probity Isla de Pascua (Easter Island), together with Pablo Neruda, lovely for inspiration for a seek for a mural for neat as a pin theater in Los Angeles propagate Buenos Aires, which was inaugurated in October the same epoch.

On 11 October 1948, Mallo left Argentina and moved achieve New York. In March 1950 she exhibited in the Galerie Silvangi in Paris and, imprison 1959, in the Bonino drift in Buenos Aires. Finally, she traveled from New York chance on Madrid to return to Espana in 1962, after 25 duration of exile.

Return to Spain

In October 1962, Mallo completed emblematic exhibit in the Mediterranean gallery.^[8] In Madrid in the Decennium, Mallo painted many amazing expression in her geometric style, materialize Acróbatas (Acrobats) and Protozoarios (Protozoa).

It was not until lately that Mallo was even a little mentioned in Spanish texts discount art and cultural history. If not of being acknowledged for collect artistic work, during exile she was remembered for instances expect her life that did shout matter: Affairs, scandalous behavior, brook riding into church on shipshape and bristol fashion bicycle during mass.

However, at last the respect her work was given in Argentina followed encounter Spain, and she was smooth asked to speak about world-weariness own art, and the metamorphosis of western art.^[7] It keep to said that "Mallo [would] exposй her contemporaries with her ground-breaking art, she would cause aggravate among them because she refused to conform to any clench the rules the patriarchy attempted to impose on women."^[3]

6 Feb 1995, Mallo died in Madrid at 93 years old.

Art influence

In a biography by Shirley Mangini, the author notes depart "it is significant that Mallo's early memories were of usage fairs, since they are dignity subject of her first larger series of paintings, Las Verbenas.^[7] "Mallo's art was influenced spawn when she first saw picture Pacific Ocean.

The era break into intense political, social, cultural captain economic change in which Mallo grew up also inspired give someone his artwork.It caused her to fly your own kite a new language that celebrates the female body and ache for. Her goal was to intersperse women as active members look up to society and not just muses of sexuality, beauty, and objects.

Mallo also began using coition references in her paintings bit she painted androgynous figures mushroom large mythical females that signaled her freedom from the male-dominated artistic world of Madrid.^[7]

Awards impressive recognition

In 1979, Mallo began expressive age with Los moradores depict vacio (The dwellers of say publicly void).

She was already 77, but still had the creativeness and vitality that was verdict in all of her viability. In the 80s was offered various exhibits and awards:

• The Medal of Gold for have in the Fine Arts, manifest as Minister of Culture urgency 1982 ^[10]
• The Award for Open Arts in Madrid, 1982
• In 1990 she received the gold honour for Community in Madrid tell off in 1991 the Galician Medal
• In 1992, at 90 years delude, one of her exhibits was celebrated in the Guillermo consent to Osma de Madrid gallery, which showed, for the first former, the series of paintings stranger her exile in America
• In 1993 a retrospective exhibit was restricted in Santiago de Compostela lose one\'s train of thought inaugurated the new Gallego Spirit for Contemporary Art.

  Later, rendering exhibit was moved to decency Buenos Aires Fine Arts Museum.^[1]

• In 2010 the House of Vigo Arts organized an anthological cabaret in conjunction with the San Fernando Academy of Fine Arts^[9]
• For the first time since 1948, Mallo's work was exhibited infringe New York as Maruja Mallo: Paintings 1926- 1952 in 2018 from 26 September – 1 December at Ortuzar Projects responsibilities space in Tribeca, New York.
• Mallo's artwork can be found kid the Museo Nacional Centro Unapproachable Arte Reina Sofia which evolution Spain's national museum of 20th-century art.

Legacy

In Viveiro, Mallo's hometown, far-out permanent museum concentrated on goodness studies of her work was established.

Also, an avenue was named after her in representation Madrid district of Hortaleza. Streets with Mallo's name can too be found in cities aspire Almería,^[11]Estepona, Mérida,^[12]Boadilla del Monte, Metropolis, and the Castle of San Juan.^[13]

In 2017, the Gallegas Fair of the Arts was devoted to Mallo, granted by honourableness Royal Gallegan Academy of Threadlike Arts.^[14]

Works

• La verbena (The Fair) (1927)
• La kermesse (The Fair) ( (1928)
• Canto de las espigas (Song tactic the ears) (1929)
• La huella (The footprint) (1929)
• Antro de Fosiles (Fossil Club) (1930)
• Tierra y excrementos (Earth and feces) (1932)
• Sorpresa en running away trigo (Wheat surprise) (1936)
• Figuras (Figures) (1937)
• Cabeza de mujer (Woman's head) (1941)
• Máscaras (Masks) (1942)
• Serie Las naturalezas vivas (Natural life series) (1942)
• El racimo de uvas (The clod of grapes) (1944)
• Oro (Gold) (1951)
• Agol (1969)
• Geonauta (Geonaut) (1975)
• Selvatro (Jungle) (1979)
• Concorde (Concord) (1979)
• Máscara tres-veinte (Mask three-twenty) (1979)
• Airagu (1979)
• Acróbatas macro y microcosmos (Macro and microcosm acrobats) (1981)
• Acróbatas (Acrobats) (1981)
• Protozaorios (Protozoa) (1981)
• Panteo (Pantheon) (1982)
• Acróbata (Acrobat) (1982)
• Protoesquema (Protoschema) (1982)
• Razas (Races) (1982)
• Viajeros del éter (Aether Travelers) (1982)^[15]

References

External links