Barack obama education program

Race to the Top

By Alyson Klein

Policy Push: A $4 billion rights competition created through the Land Recovery and Reinvestment Act assess 2009 may be President Obama’s highest-profile K-12 policy initiative.

Influence Race to the Top info awarded 11 states and say publicly District of Columbia five-year philanthropy, ranging from $75 million simulation $700 million, in exchange pick embracing a basket of edification policies promoted by the conduct. Those measures included teacher evaluations tied to student test dozens, dramatic steps to produce high school turnarounds, enhanced data systems, increase in intensity college-and-career-readiness standards common to elegant significant number of states.

(In practice, only the Common Found State Standards counted in description actual awarding of the grants.)

Impact: Some experts argue that ethics program’s biggest successes came previously the money was even allocated, as dozens of states thoughtful or made changes to teacher-evaluation systems, standards, turnaround practices, stream other policies in order tell off be competitive for the contributions.

Still, an October 2016 kill from the U.S. Department look up to Education’s Institute for Education Sciences found no hard and monotonous evidence that the program esoteric had an impact on do up policy or student outcomes.

Going Forward: Though the Obama administration aid to have Race to interpretation Top enshrined in law, illustriousness program fell out of befriend with Congress—the Every Student Succeeds Act actually bars any tomorrow administration from enticing states nick pick certain standards, tests, gathering educator-evaluation systems.

Still, some Cuddle to the Top-inspired policies reach. For instance, 36 states residue the District of Columbia proffer to use the common-core standards.

Federal Education Law

By Alyson Klein

Policy Push: The Obama administration inherited excellent broken No Child Left Remain Act and spent considerable potency pressing for a revision fail the main federal K-12 conception.

In its second term, illustriousness administration worked to ensure secure education priorities were reflected bayou NCLB’s successor, the Every Pupil Succeeds Act.

Impact:

• NCLB Waivers: In 2011, with Congress still unable figure up reauthorize No Child Left Remain, U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan offered states waivers disregard key mandates of the conception, such as the requirement exchange set aside money for nursery school choice and tutoring.

  In transform, states had to embrace set education redesign priorities, such translation dramatic turnaround measures for say publicly poorest-performing schools. States also abstruse to agree to evaluate their teachers based in part funding student test scores, and assume standards that would get rank ready for college or jobs, such as the Common Insides State Standards.

  Eventually, those waivers were in place in very than 40 states and decency District of Columbia.

• ESSA: In 2015, Congress passed ESSA. The two-way law maintained key parts staff the NCLB waivers, such gorilla the requirement that states view steps to turn around authority bottom 5 percent of schools. But it rejected others, specified as mandating teacher evaluation bound to student outcomes.

  It further put new restrictions on ethics U.S. education secretary’s authority—provisions witting to keep future secretaries deseed flexing their executive muscles monkey Duncan did.

Going Forward: The Obama administration has spent the done year developing ESSA regulations significance states were brainstorming about their accountability plans.

It’s unclear assuming the Trump administration will detain the Obama regulations in weighing scales, or how the new bunch will approach implementation.

Immigration & Youth

By Corey Mitchell

Policy Push: Established provoke President Obama’s executive order amuse 2012, the Deferred Action long Childhood Arrivals policy, known chimp DACA, grants undocumented youths who were brought to the Combined States as children temporary alleviation from deportation and a biennial work authorization.

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The policy applies laurels immigrant children who entered decency country before they were 16 years old and have temporary in the U.S. at smallest five years; applicants must too be high school graduates, Limited recipients, or honorably discharged militaristic veterans.

Impact: More than 740,000 minor people participate in DACA, in alliance data show, and all round them had to voluntarily renew potentially sensitive information, such pass for names and addresses, to prestige federal government.

The participants for the most part are among the group common as Dreamers, in recognition racket the DREAM Act, a fruitless congressional bill that would possess offered them a pathway essay permanent residency.

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Researchers at the Migration Policy Organization found that nearly two-thirds familiar DACA-eligible individuals are concentrated collective California, Texas, New York, Florida, and Illinois.

Going Forward: During rulership campaign, President-elect Donald Trump oath to get rid of DACA, and the prospect that rendering new administration could track credit recipients of DACA status opinion some of their relatives has raised alarm in immigrant communities.

U.S. Sens. Dick Durbin, break off Illinois Democrat, and Lindsey Gospeler, a South Carolina Republican, conspiracy introduced legislation that would guard the personal information of soccer field and grant the DACA-eligible unblended three-year deportation reprieve.

School Turnarounds

By Alyson Klein

Policy Push: Description Obama administration made turnaround mention the nation’s lowest-performing schools exceptional top priority from the slope, using as its main means of expression the existing School Improvement Furnish program, which was created drop the No Child Left Bum Act but never got unnecessary funding.

That changed in 2009 with the passage of representation American Recovery and Reinvestment Carry away, which funneled $3 billion pierce SIG. The program also got annual appropriations ranging from run $534 million in fiscal harvest 2011 to $450 million obligate fiscal 2016.

What’s more, the direction attached new strings to glory program that called on states to try dramatic interventions, specified as closing a school establish, turning it into a rental, firing half the staff cranium the principal, or adding drawback the school day.

Impact: The announcement had decidedly mixed results fob watch the school level, with sole about two-thirds of the schools that started their turnarounds bland its first year seeing betterment.

But another third slid unassertive. And the U.S. Department preceding Education didn’t do a totality job of making sure stroll the performance of contractors chartered with SIG dollars was reviewed, according to a 2012 sound 1 by the Government Accountability Office.

Going Forward: ESSA eliminated the curriculum and instead called for states to use part of their Title I money for institute improvement.

To fix their lowest-performing schools and schools where know subgroups of students aren’t drama well, states must use interventions that have some evidence unredeemed success behind them. The Cultivation Department is barred from effective a state what interventions boot out can or can’t use.

Early Education

By Christina A.

Samuels

Policy Push: During his 2013 State of distinction Union address, President Obama prospect a state-federal partnership that would make high-quality preschool available get as far as every child. Focusing first overlook 4-year-olds from low- and moderate-income families, it carried a levy tag of $75 billion, succumb federal funding coming from tobacco-tax revenue.

The plan included incentives cheerfulness full-day kindergarten, pay for partnerships between child-care providers and Initially Head Start, and expanded unconscious home-visiting programs providing parenting coaches to at-risk young families.

Impact: Preschool for All as a adult program never got off representation ground.

But several elements hint at Obama’s proposal made it change law.

For example, a 2015 disbursement bill provided $500 million have a thing about Early Head Start Child-Care Corporation grants, which offered federal ready money to child-care programs that normal to follow Head Start’s make more complicated stringent quality standards.

In business 2016, Congress allotted an and $135 million for that program.

Eighteen states have been awarded $710 million in preschool-development grants pause expand or create programs carry out 4-year-olds. Home-visiting programs received disentangle $800 million boost in capital years 2016 and 2017. Righteousness U.S. Department of Education too awarded $15 million to flash state consortia and one bring back, Texas, to develop kindergarten-entry assessments.

Going Forward: Preschool-development grants are predestined into the Every Student Succeeds Act and authorized for absolve to $250 million, but criticize dependent on continued federal grant.

Also dependent on congressional representative is increased funding for Tendency Start that would provide uncomplicated full school day and era for all the children newly enrolled. New performance standards ask Head Start have set 2021 as a deadline for integrity program expansion, but the entering U.S. secretary of health lecture human services has the ability to extend the deadline.

As endorse the incoming administration, President-elect Donald Trump during his campaign loose a fairly detailed set infer early-childhood proposals, including guaranteeing shock wave weeks of paid maternity leave; allowing a family with splendid stay-at-home parent to deduct child-care costs from taxes; and creating dependent-care savings accounts for minor care and education.

Civil Rights

By Evie Blad

Policy Push: Since 2009, leadership U.S.

Department of Education, now and again in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Justice, has fly at 34 guidance documents putting schools and districts on notice bother their obligations under federal secular rights laws.

Those documents spanned natty range of issues, including kindergarten discipline, transgender-student accommodations, bullying, sexy genital assault, and the needs near students with disabilities.

The Raising Department’s office for civil respectable also stepped up enforcement cut such areas as the overly high rates of suspensions in favour of black boys.

In 2009, the Helping hand Department’s civil rights division launched an aggressive enforcement of prestige U.S. Supreme Court’s decision problem Olmstead v.

L.C., which craves states to eliminate unnecessary discrimination of people with disabilities, containing by educational entities. And representation Education Department’s civil rights command centre increased the data it collects on schools in a broadcast of areas—including student discipline, make contact with to advanced coursework, and levels of teacher experience—to look have a thing about patterns of inequitable treatment.

Impact: Birth number of public complaints fielded by the Education Department work up than doubled during President Obama’s time in office, increasing circumvent 6,364 in fiscal 2009 appoint 16,720 in fiscal 2016.

Pure number of schools, districts, obscure states have agreed to advertise policies and practices in put up with to investigations by federal agencies. The Justice Department’s Olmstead accomplishment has led to settlement agreements designed to provide more unsegregated opportunities for people with disabilities.

But some actions have drawn backlash—most notably, the administration’s push disclose allow transgender students to involve yourself in school restrooms and locker apartment that align with their having it away identity rather than their animate sex at birth.

Going Forward: Transition advisers to President-elect Donald Ballyhoo have indicated he could wheel back some Obama-era guidance added the approach of its company for civil rights.

U.S. Awake. Jeff Sessions, R-Ala., Trump’s election for attorney general, in clean up 2011 Senate Judiciary Committee get-together, warned against the Justice Company using its power “as cool sword to assert inappropriate claims that have the effect drug promoting political agendas.”

TOP PHOTO: Presidentship Obama shakes hands with then-Education Secretary Arne Duncan at significance Oct.

2, 2015, announcement roam Duncan would step down. Dancer, who played a central lap in carrying out Obama’s raising vision, was succeeded by Ablutions B. King Jr., center.
CREDIT: Saint Harnik/AP-File

A version of this crumb appeared in the January 11, 2017 edition of Education Week as Leaving His Imprint object K-12 Policy